sabato 18 gennaio 2025

EXTRA GEAR

 


Who inherited 
from the Romans 
have an “extra gear”? 




Study reveals that the inhabitants 

of the Romanized German regions 

are still longer-lived, 

“flexible” and happier than their fellow countrymen. 

Why?


A study published in the last few hours by Current Research In Ecological and Social Pcychology explores the lasting influence of Roman civilization on the macro-psychological character of German regions. Macro-psychological characteristics are produced, in each territory, by what we might define as the collective psyche of the population. There are, to give an example close to us, general characteristics of Italians , but also macro-psychological characteristics of regions and provinces. Up to the collective psyche of cities and towns. This was what, once, was generically defined as “mentality”. A particular way of being and perceiving. A Tuscan has one macro-psychology, a Lombard another, a Campanian yet another, etc.

Saalburg is an archaeological site that preserves an ancient Roman fort located in Germany, on the ridge of the Taunus mountains, northwest of Bad Homburg, in present-day Hesse. This castrum, designed to house a cohort, was part of the Limes Germanicus-Rhaetian, the line of fortifications that marked the border of the Roman provinces in Germany. The Limes Germanicus-Rhaetian was a defense system consisting of forts, auxiliary blockhouses, watchtowers and palisades, built by the Romans to protect the borders of the provinces of Germania Superior and Raetia.

 The researchers compared areas of Germany that were integrated into the Roman Empire about two thousand years ago with those that remained outside of Rome's influence. Even considering more recent historical factors, the study found that once- Romanized regions today display more adaptive personality traits, such as those described by the Big Brother model. Five , in addition to better health and psychological well-being. The Big Five theory is a taxonomic model that describes personality through five factors or “traits”, meaning by “personality traits” modes of thought, emotional activation and behavior that are fairly stable over time. The investigation – which flowed into the essay Roma Eterna? Roman Rule Explains Regional Well Being Divides in Germany – was conducted by an international team of scholars – German, Austrian, English, Dutch, American, Australian – formed by Martin Obschonka , Fabian Wahl, Michael Fritsch , Michael Wyrwich , P. Jason Rentfrow, Jeff Potter, Samuel D. Gosling. Numerous indicators were examined in the study.

The findings suggest that the ancient Roman border, known as the Limes Germanicus , continues to influence the differences regional . Detailed analyses indicate that Roman investments in economic institutions, such as trade infrastructure, roads, markets, modernized agriculture, aqueducts, and mines, were crucial in creating this long-term effect.

The Limes Germanicus – black dotted line – in 200 AD

In particular, 87% of modern highways in Romanized regions are located near ancient Roman roads, highlighting the persistence of this communication network. The Romans – even within an imperialist framework – significantly multiplied well-being, job opportunities, hygiene, technology, “team play”, organization, coordinated responses to external threats and natural upheavals, religious tolerance . The rights and duties of the citizen were, in an age without laws, established by a precise and detailed legal corpus. During those centuries, cyclopean works were also undertaken, the foundations of which remain in the character of the conquered regions. Security , stability , certainty in identifying objectives, limitation of chance games endure over time – within the collective memory – and are transmitted through both culture and economy.

The bold black line marks the ancient border. In red, the certain Roman roads. The triangles indicate markets and mines

The study highlights how ancient cultures may have left a macro-psychological legacy that contributes to current regional inequalities . Regions that benefited from Roman investment developed a “collective memory” associated with the values of the Empire, which is still reflected in the stories, traditions and attitudes of local communities today. This cultural legacy influenced behaviors and values, contributing to greater extroversion, openness and life satisfaction, as well as a lower incidence of “ neuroticism ” - a trait associated with stress and anxiety.

On the left, with light colors, the current areas with less " neurotism ". The demarcation between blocks is clear. On the right, with darker colors, life expectancy. This too tends to be higher in the Romanized area.

Furthermore, the study highlights that life expectancy in formerly Romanized regions is significantly higher, with an average of six months more than in non-Romanized areas. The initial advantages, established during Roman rule, generated a path dependency ( path dependence ), or a development model that has strengthened over time. The regions began in a position of economic advantage thanks to Roman investments, becoming inclined to maintain higher levels of well-being and growth.

On the other hand, areas outside of Roman rule faced greater challenges in achieving this development. This historical disparity may explain some of the regional differences in economic and psychological indicators in contemporary Germany. The study offers a historical perspective on the deep roots of regional inequalities in health, well-being, and personality traits, highlighting the importance of considering the legacy of ancient cultures when analyzing today's socioeconomic dynamics.

The regions of present-day Germany that became part of the Roman Empire were mainly those located west of the Rhine River and south of the Danube River. These included:

1.     Province of Germania Inferior : included parts of present-day North Rhine-Westphalia and Rhineland-Palatinate.

2.  Province of Germania Superior : covered areas of present-day Baden-Württemberg, Rhineland-Palatinate and Hesse.

3.   Province of Rhaetia : including regions of present-day Bavaria and parts of Baden-Württemberg.

The areas east of the Rhine, known as Germania Magna, were never fully integrated into the Roman Empire, although the Romans attempted to conquer them several times, as demonstrated by the famous Battle of the Teutoburg Forest in 9 AD, where Germanic tribes, led by Arminius, defeated three Roman legions.

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