Visualizzazione post con etichetta fake news. Mostra tutti i post
Visualizzazione post con etichetta fake news. Mostra tutti i post

venerdì 9 febbraio 2018

Bice - SAFE INTERNET DAY : comment protéger les enfants contre les fake news

Chaque année, le Safer Internet Day est l’occasion de souligner les dangers que l’utilisation d’internet peut représenter pour les enfants. Cette année, l’accent est mis sur les fake news : comment éduquer les enfants pour les protéger de ces informations trompeuses ?

Dans son message pour la Journée mondiale des communications sociales, le pape François a tenu à définir la fake news, « cette désinformation diffusée en ligne ou dans les médias traditionnels. » Il a rappelé l’objectif, très clair, de ces « informations non fondées, basées sur des données inexistantes ou déformées » qui visent à tromper voire à manipuler le lecteur.

Protéger les enfants contre les fake news : une mission d’éducation

Dans une analyse fine, le Pape François s’est attaché à démonter le mécanisme des fake news et leurs dangers.
  • De nature mimétique, elles sont capables d’apparaître plausibles.
  • Elles s’appuient sur des stéréotypes et des préjugés diffus.
  • Elles font appel à des émotions immédiates, faciles à susciter, comme la peur, la colère, …
  • Elles se répandent dans des environnements numériques homogènes, imperméables à des perspectives et des opinions divergentes.
    « Le drame de la désinformation », a insisté le Saint-Père, c’« est la discréditation de l’autre, sa représentation comme ennemi, jusqu’à la diabolisation susceptible d’attiser les conflits ».
Protéger les enfants contre les fake news est donc un enjeu crucial pour notre société, à l’heure où ces derniers sont de plus en plus saturés d’informations et livrés à eux-mêmes devant leurs écrans. En France, les jeunes de 13-19 ans sont déjà 81% à posséder un smartphone, 77% à avoir un compte Facebook, et 79% un compte Youtube (Etude Ipsos Junior connect 2017). Etat, enseignants, journalistes, parents : il importe à chacun de relever la mission de protection et d’éducation qui lui incombe en la matière.

Des initiatives pour promouvoir  la vérité comme instrument de paix

Le pape François a ainsi loué « les initiatives éducatives qui permettent d’apprendre à lire et à évaluer le contexte communicatif (pour) ne pas être des propagateurs inconscients de la désinformation, mais des acteurs de son dévoilement. » Le Safer Internet Day du 6 février prochain s’inscrit dans ce mouvement. Des ateliers, des animations et des conférences auront lieu dans toute la France, tout au long du mois de février, afin de protéger les enfants contre les fake news en les sensibilisant au décryptage de l’information sur la toile. Pour en savoir plus
Le Saint Père a également souligné le rôle prépondérant des journalistes qui « dans le monde contemporain, n’exercent pas seulement un métier, mais une véritable mission. (…) L’exactitude des sources, le soin de la communication sont (en effet) de véritable processus de développement du bien qui génèrent la confiance et ouvrent des voies de communion et de paix ». Cette injonction à un journalisme de paix a inspiré les 22e journées Saint François de Sales qui se sont tenues à Lourdes, du 22 au 26 janvier. Près de 300 journalistes catholiques s’y étaient réunis pour réfléchir et débattre sur le thème « Médias et vérité ».

giovedì 25 gennaio 2018

FAKE NEWS AND JOURNALISM FOR PEACE


MESSAGE OF HIS HOLINESS 
POPE FRANCIS
FOR 
WORLD COMMUNICATIONS DAY
24 January 2018

“The truth will set you free” (Jn 8:32).
Fake news and journalism for peace
 DE  - EN  - ES  - FR  - IT  - PL  - PT

 
Dear Brothers and Sisters,
Communication is part of God’s plan for us and an essential way to experience fellowship. Made in the image and likeness of our Creator, we are able to express and share all that is true, good, and beautiful. We are able to describe our own experiences and the world around us, and thus to create historical memory and the understanding of events. But when we yield to our own pride and selfishness, we can also distort the way we use our ability to communicate. This can be seen from the earliest times, in the biblical stories of Cain and Abel and the Tower of Babel (cf. Gen 4:4-16; 11:1-9). The capacity to twist the truth is symptomatic of our condition, both as individuals and communities. On the other hand, when we are faithful to God’s plan, communication becomes an effective expression of our responsible search for truth and our pursuit of goodness.
In today’s fast-changing world of communications and digital systems, we are witnessing the spread of what has come to be known as “fake news”. This calls for reflection, which is why I have decided to return in this World Communications Day Message to the issue of truth, which was raised time and time again by my predecessors, beginning with Pope Paul VI, whose 1972 Message took as its theme: “Social Communications at the Service of Truth”. In this way, I would like to contribute to our shared commitment to stemming the spread of fake news and to rediscovering the dignity of journalism and the personal responsibility of journalists to communicate the truth.
1. What is “fake” about fake news?
The term “fake news” has been the object of great discussion and debate. In general, it refers to the spreading of disinformation on line or in the traditional media. It has to do with false information based on non-existent or distorted data meant to deceive and manipulate the reader. Spreading fake news can serve to advance specific goals, influence political decisions, and serve economic interests.
The effectiveness of fake news is primarily due to its ability to mimic real news, to seem plausible. Secondly, this false but believable news is “captious”, inasmuch as it grasps people’s attention by appealing to stereotypes and common social prejudices, and exploiting instantaneous emotions like anxiety, contempt, anger and frustration. The ability to spread such fake news often relies on a manipulative use of the social networks and the way they function. Untrue stories can spread so quickly that even authoritative denials fail to contain the damage.
The difficulty of unmasking and eliminating fake news is due also to the fact that many people interact in homogeneous digital environments impervious to differing perspectives and opinions. Disinformation thus thrives on the absence of healthy confrontation with other sources of information that could effectively challenge prejudices and generate constructive dialogue; instead, it risks turning people into unwilling accomplices in spreading biased and baseless ideas. The tragedy of disinformation is that it discredits others, presenting them as enemies, to the point of demonizing them and fomenting conflict. Fake news is a sign of intolerant and hypersensitive attitudes, and leads only to the spread of arrogance and hatred. That is the end result of untruth.
2. How can we recognize fake news?
None of us can feel exempted from the duty of countering these falsehoods. This is no easy task, since disinformation is often based on deliberately evasive and subtly misleading rhetoric and at times the use of sophisticated psychological mechanisms. Praiseworthy efforts are being made to create educational programmes aimed at helping people to interpret and assess information provided by the media, and teaching them to take an active part in unmasking falsehoods, rather than unwittingly contributing to the spread of disinformation. Praiseworthy too are those institutional and legal initiatives aimed at developing regulations for curbing the phenomenon, to say nothing of the work being done by tech and media companies in coming up with new criteria for verifying the personal identities concealed behind millions of digital profiles.
Yet preventing and identifying the way disinformation works also calls for a profound and careful process of discernment. We need to unmask what could be called the "snake-tactics" used by those who disguise themselves in order to strike at any time and place. This was the strategy employed by the "crafty serpent" in the Book of Genesis, who, at the dawn of humanity, created the first fake news (cf. Gen 3:1-15), which began the tragic history of human sin, beginning with the first fratricide (cf. Gen 4) and issuing in the countless other evils committed against God, neighbour, society and creation. The strategy of this skilled "Father of Lies" (Jn 8:44) is precisely mimicry, that sly and dangerous form of seduction that worms its way into the heart with false and alluring arguments.....